Cyanine dyes are high-performance fluorescent dyes structured through polymer chains, capable of absorption and emission across a broad wavelength range.
- Optical Properties: Absorption extending into the near-infrared (NIR) region, high molar absorptivity, and strong fluorescence signals.
- Advantages: Low background noise, high photostability, and an excellent signal-to-noise ratio in biological environments.
- Surface Functionality: Can be functionalized with groups such as carboxyl, NHS ester, or maleimide, making them suitable for labeling applications.
- Applications: Molecular labeling, DNA/RNA probe design, cell imaging, and optical sensor systems.