Single-Isomer Hexachlorofluorescein Dyes
Hexachlorofluorescein dyes are high-performance organic fluorescent dyes obtained by modifying the fluorescein structure with six chlorine atoms. This chlorination alters the electronic structure of the dye, resulting in stronger, more stable fluorescence that is usable across a wider pH range.
- Optical Properties
- Increased quantum yield
- Lower pKa, enabling stable and strong fluorescence over a broader pH range
- Enhanced photostability and reduced photodegradation
- Improved signal clarity for sensitive detection due to spectral shift
- Chemical Properties
- More controlled energy levels due to electron-withdrawing chlorine atoms
- Low tendency toward self-quenching
- Easily functionalized (e.g., NHS ester, maleimide)
- Applications
- High-resolution fluorescence imaging
- Advanced molecular probe design
- Microfluidic and biosensor systems requiring high sensitivity
- Analytical studies and reaction monitoring